Water Crisis in Pakistan: Causes, Effects, And Remedies Author: Sara Rafique – CSS 2022Outline 1. IntroductionPakistan is facing water crisis caused by a myriad of reasons; however, there is a strong hope tosolve this crisis if remedies are acted upon. 2. Current scenario of water crisis in Pakistan a. Pakistan ranks 14 among 17 extremely high water risk countries in the world accordingto world resources Instituteb. Pakistan has crossed the water scarcity line. 3. Reasons behind the severe water crisis in Pakistan: a. Wastage of Limited water resources i. Pakistan receives around 145 million acre feet (MAF) of water every year fromrainfall and glacial melt, however; only 14 (MAF) is saved while rest goes to waste.ii. Inefficient irrigation system causes 60% water loss. b. Climate change contributing towards water scarcity i. Long spell of drought and a number of floods – A direct result of climate change c. Mismanagement of water resources i. Canal water immensely underpriced, recovering only one-fifth of the annualoperating and maintenance costsii. “We do not have a water crisis; we have a failure of governance with regard towater crisis” Dr. Ishrat Hussain d. Lack of dams i. While the Global average of water saving capacity stands at 40%; Pakistan savesabysmally low 9%. e. Ineffective policies and lack of implementation i. The national water policy 2018 completely misses out on setting any qualitativeor quantitative targets. f. Exponential population growth and urbanization raising the demand i. Urban population expected to reach 50% by 2050-World Bankii. Pakistan’s population growth rate stands at 21% directly contributing to rise indemand. g. Depending on a Rival statei. 78% of water comes from India. 4. Deleterious effects of the water crisisa. Citizens facing water scarcity i. Over 80% of the total population faces extreme water scarcity for at least onemonth of the year. b. Rising conflict between provinces- a threat to National Cohesion i. Lack of trust on equitable water distribution c. Impoverished of Health and sanitation due to know provision of clean wateri. Only 36% of the population has access to clean drinking water.ii. 60% of the population in Pakistan is suffering from a disease associated with in aliquid provision of drinking water and improved sanitation- government ofPakistan.d. Heavy economic costs i. According to the World Bank, economic cost to Pakistan of poor water andsanitation, floods and droughts estimated to be 40% of GDP or $12 million peryear. 5. Remedies to solve the water crisis in Pakistan a. Water resource management through Technologyi. Use of drip irrigation and sprinkler system b. Use of water metering to recover costs c. Wastewater management i. Case of Israel and Singaporeii. Pakistan is wasting its water resources due to in efficient consumption patternsand negligible recycling.” Dr. Tariq Banuri d. Counter population growth and build sustainable cities to urban planning.e. Shift to low water consuming crops i. Four major crops that only generate 5% of the GDP use 80% of water resources. f. Dire need of political will and effective implementation of policiesi. South Asian expert Michael Kugelman’s few points on current water crisis ofPakistan. 6. Conclusion Read More Outlines

Feminism and Third-World Countries Author: Basil Farooqui – PSPOutline1. Introduction: Thesis Statement: With the increasing needs of women in third-world countries, the feminism thereis suffering at the hands of multiple problems. However, using appropriate responses these problemscan be solved. 2. Overview of Feminism in Third-World Countries.3. Problems faced by Feminism in Third-World Countries:a. Lack of awareness about objective of feminismb. The need to clarify the concept of feminism in Third-World countriesc. Absence of gender studies in education systemd. Perceiving women as subaltern of the subalternse. Weak representation of women in legislationf. Women in Third-World politics are almost fadingg. The failure of global women and development approachh. Third-World women are still fighting for practical needsi. Capitalism feeds off the women’s needs in Third-Worldj. Need to integrate women in global development programs. 4. Solving problems of Feminism in Third-World Countries:a. Mainstreaming of feminist notion in the societyb. Utilizing the potential of media for feminist ideasc. Expanding the scope of women and gender educationd. Brokering clarity for feminism in religious societiese. Increasing women representation in security agenciesf. Implementing the already present laws in favor of feminismg. The need for NGOs and international organizations’ role in supporth. Revival of the approaches that empower womeni. Capacity building will enhance the efficiency of feminismj. Making women a part of conflict resolution of Third-World countries 5. Conclusion Read More Outlines

Climate Change is a Huge Threat for Economic Prosperity of Pakistan. Author: Asad Durrani – CSS-2022Outline 1. Introduction:Political instability is the root cause of all issues confronting Pakistan. There are a number offactors responsible for the political instability in the country, which has severe socio-economicrepercussions. The government must take immediate measures to avert a major disaster. 2. Brief overview of political instability in Pakistan 3. Causes of political instability in Pakistan:a. Inefficient and conflicting political partiesb. Weak political culturec. Military interventions in Pakistani politicsd. Foreign interference in Pakistane. Controlled mediaf. Nexus between poor economic growth and political uncertainty 4. Disastrous impacts of political instability5. Remedies of political instability in Pakistan: a. Transparent elections should be held and the government must complete its full tenureb. Balancing the civil military relationshipc. Reforms in judiciaryd. Resolve the center-province conflictse. Media can play de a vital role by keeping a strong check on the governmentf. Courageous and visionary leadership is required to take Pakistan out of this crisis 6. Conclusion Read More Outlines

Global Power Dynamics and Pakistan’s Foreign Policy Author: Basil Farooqui-PSPOutline 1. Introduction:Thesis Statement: Global power dynamics have changed drastically since the Fall of Kabul due to multiple powerful stakeholders involved. Pakistan, however, has calibrated its foreign policy for an effective and coordinated national response. 2. Pakistan Foreign Policy and the changing Global Power Dynamics.3. Recent Trends in the Global Power Dynamics.i. Fall of Kabul and its impacts of USA’s global hegemonyii. Growing rooms for China amid power vacuum in Afghanistaniii. Russia’s growing influence and the utility in the regioniv. USA’s struggle to hold on to power: Beyond the horizonv. Countering China via South China Sea and Taiwanvi. Side-lining Russia’s growth through NATOvii. Hypersonic weapons: A dangerous show of Global Powerviii. Middle East’s effort to be in the game utilizing Afghanistanix. Power fluctuation in South Asia: India’s changing utilityx. Preventing military from power gain to protect Global Powers 4. Pakistan’s Foreign Policy Responsei. Ensuring stability in Afghanistan for safe power dynamicsii. Creating goodwill to protect Pakistan-US relationsiii. Increasing cooperation among global power using Afghanistan: Troika Plusiv. Keeping up with the East and the Westv. Shifting from Geo-Strategic to Geo-Economics role 5. Conclusion Read More Outlines

Climate Change is a Huge Threat for Economic Prosperity of Pakistan. Author: Adil Riaz Gondal – AC PMS|CSS-2022Outline Read More Outlines